Results
Not all observers demonstrated a preference for one of the inspectors. This
lack of a preference occurred when the observers spent less than 50% of the test in
the preference areas or divided their time between preference areas equally. As a
result, not all statistics are based on a sample size of 30.
In both the sequential and the social treatments, the observer did not show a
preference for the inspector with the closer mean position to the predator
. These results were not due to an order of presentation Finally, in the social inspection test, there were five instances in which
the observer did not show a preference for either inspector. All five of these
instances occurred in the 13 trials in which the average distance between the
inspectors was small (<4 cm). In contrast, the observer always demonstrated a
preference in the 17 instances in which the inspectors averaged more than 4 cm
apart , but not in any specific direction,
indicating that the observers were paying attention to some aspect of the
inspector’s behavior as they were more likely to show no preference when
inspectors stayed close together.
effect because, in the sequential treatment, the observer did not show a preference
for either the inspector seen first or second In the control treatment, the observer preferred the inspector who saw the
predator in only 11 of 26 trials , indicating that there was
no effect of predator presence. Furthermore, the observer did not show a
preference for either the inspector seen first or second in the control treatment
.
There was no relationshipbetween the observer’s preferences in the initial
and post-inspection preference tests. In all three treatments, observers who
showed a preference in both the initial and post-inspection preference tests
changed their preference as often as they maintained it. In addition, observers that changed their preference were not more
likely to switch to the better inspector and
observers that chose the better inspector in the initial preference test were not
more likely to maintain their preferences .
These results indicate that observers were not forming preferences based on
inherent characteristics of the inspectors, nor were they able to predict
cooperative tendencies in the predator inspection behavior during the initial
preference test.
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