A new highway or public transport service increases a community's access to other areas. This increases businesses' labor pool, reduces their costs to obtain input materials and services, and expands their potential market. This may increase "economies of scale" in production processes, which means higher productivity through lower costs per unit of output.
Improved accessibility may increase workers' ability to access education and employment opportunities (increasing their productivity and incomes), and increase residents' access to more shopping opportunities (providing financial savings), and increase access to recreation and cultural opportunities (increasing their welfare).
Mobility management strategies, such as more efficient road pricing, can improve travel time reliability, which reduces logistics and scheduling costs beyond just the travel time savings.
New transportation links between cities and ports, and new types of inter-modal facilities and services at those locations, make it possible for new patterns of international trade to develop. In some cases, the new links may improve the efficiency of business customer/client visits as well as product deliveries.