Ordination and classification methods indicated elevated beta diversity in a deterministic distribution of the liverwort flora along the Atlantic coast of southeastern Brazil. Altitude was significantly associated with the first axis of the CCA, demonstrating a floristic gradient between Lowland Forests and High Montane Forests and “Campos de Altitude”. Five floristic groups were identified and 34 species could be considered bioindicators. The principal geoclimatic variables that explained the floristic groupings of liverwort species were altitude, temperature, and precipitation. The prediction that liverwort plants demonstrated environmentally determined distributions was confirmed by the Mantel Test (rM 0.557; p < 0.0001).