Participants
The participants were 120 junior and senior undergraduate nursing students on their pediatric nursing rotation; they were recruited from two universities located in Seoul, South Korea. The sample was homogeneous with regard to gender, age, and type of program in which they were enrolled. There were 109 women (90.8%) and 11 men (9.2%), a distribution typical of the overall undergraduate nursing student population. The mean age of the participants was 20.5 years, with a very limited age range of 20 to 21 years. This study was conducted in HFS laboratory, a space specifically designed to replicate a pediatric ward.