INSTALLATION ART is a broad term applied to a range of arts practice
which involves the installation or configuration of objects in a space, where
the totality of objects and space comprise the artwork. Installation Art is a
mode of production and display of artwork rather than a movement or style.
Installation Art can comprise traditional and non-traditional MEDIA, such as
PAINTING, SCULPTURE, READYMADES, FOUND OBJECTS, DRAWING and
TEXT. Depending on the number of objects and the nature of the display,
installation spaces can range from cluttered to minimal. The experience for
the viewer of Installation Art is very different from more traditional artwork
such as painting, which is usually viewed from a single reference point. Installation
Art requires the active engagement of the viewer with the artwork. This
may involve the viewer entering into the space of the artwork and interacting
with the artwork. By entering into the space, the viewer encounters the artwork
from multiple points of view, rather than from a single PERSPECTIVE more typically
associated with looking at a painting. Installation Art may engage many or
all of the senses - touch, sound and smell - rather than just the visual or optical
sense. Installation Art also foregrounds experience and communication over the
production of a finished art object.
Installation Art is characterised by the incorporation of the SITE or space
of display into the artwork. In some instances the site or location of the work
is an intrinsic and non-negotiable element of the work. To move the work or
recreate it in another site would constitute the destruction of the existing work
and the creation of a new work, which may contravene the artist’s intentions.
This type of Installation Art is called SITE-SPECIFIC, where the creation of the
artwork relates to, and is contingent on, a specific site. Many artists who create
Installation Art impose conditions and provide detailed instructions with regard
to the installation of the artwork, such as indicating where and how it can be
installed, what materials are to be used, and whether it can be reinstalled in the
same or any other site.
While the site is a central component of Installation Art, in some instances
it may not be particular to the artwork; therefore the artwork can be reconfigured
or reassembled in other similar sites or spaces in its existing state or
in a reconfigured state, subject to the conditions of the artist. For example, an
installation might be assembled and exhibited in various gallery spaces within
an ART MUSEUM or in a context outside the museum, such as a public space or
in an ART FAIR or BIENNALE.Installation Art is mostly associated with the period from the 1960s to the
present; yet there are many precedents, particularly in early twentieth century
AVANT-GARDE movements, such as SUPREMATISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM,
DADA, SURREALISM and FUTURISM. For example, the exhibition designs
of El Lissitzky, Marcel Duchamp and the alterations made by Kurt Schwitters
to the rooms in his home, known as Merzbau, suggest early prototypes of
Installation Art.
The formative period of Installation Art, during the 1960s and 1970s,
was a period of social, political and cultural upheaval. A number of avantgarde
movements which have influenced the development of Installation Art,
such as MINIMALISM, ENVIRONMENTAL ART, LAND ART, CONCEPTUAL ART
and PERFORMANCE ART, emerged during this period in reaction to the perceived
limitations of MODERNISM – the COMMODIFICATION of the artwork,
the foregrounding of representation over experience and the constraints
imposed by a singular, detached encounter with the artwork. By abandoning
constructs such as the frame and the plinth, Minimalist artists resisted
strategies of representation and transcendence characteristic of Painting
and Sculpture, drawing the viewer’s attention instead to the totality of the
actual experience of the artwork – its materials, context and site. Similarly,
developments in Environmental Art, Land Art, Conceptual Art, Performance
Art, HAPPENINGS and VIDEO ART resulted in the creation of temporary,
performative and site-specific work, subverting the commodification of the
artwork and shifting consideration from what the artwork represents to what
the artwork communicates. By revealing the material conditions of display,
artists challenged the dominance of the conventional viewing conditions of
the art institution.
Emerging critical theories during this period, in particular FEMINISM,
POSTCOLONIAL THEORY and POSTSTRUCTURALISM, challenged
modernist assumptions about a stable, predictable and singular viewing
subject. These theories suggest that individuals are shaped by their cultural,
social, political and psychological experiences and that these experiences
inform their encounter with an artwork. As a mode of production and presentation,
Installation Art offers a complex and multifarious engagement with
the artwork, which reflects this representation of experience as fragmented
and contingent.
The increase in new venues and large-scale, international exhibitions
in the 1980s established the conditions for Installation Art to become a
dominant format, particularly in the production of large-scale and spectacular
work. Emerging artist-curated exhibitions placed a greater emphasis on
the role of COLLABORATION in Installation Art. While site specificity was an
important element of early forms of Installation Art, more recent forms tend
to adapt to the interior conditions of the exhibition space. In this regard, site
specificity has been displaced in favour of project-based, participatory or
discursive forms of installation, where interaction with the viewer or audience
is central to the artwork. This shift in emphasis towards discursive and
participatory modes of practice was also influenced by the emergence of SOCIALLY-ENGAGED and PARTICIPATORY ARTS in the 1980s and by RELATIONAL
ARTS in the 1990s. These modes of practice emphasise the activation
of the viewer through active engagement with the artwork.
The emergence of new technologies has also influenced the development
of Installation Art, in particular VIDEO and FILM where many artists employ
and subvert the conventions of the cinematic experience in terms of its use
of space, narrative and engagement with the audience. More recent developments
in DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, VIRTUAL REALITY and the INTERNET as
virtual space, have expanded the field of Installation Art. Installation Art
continues to be shaped and influenced by developments in other fields and
disciplines. The performative elements of Installation Art have been influenced
by developments in avant-garde THEATRE and DANCE and similarly, developments
in ARCHITECTURE and INTERIOR DESIGN continue to inform consideration
of the use and designation of public and private space.
The viewer’s direct experience of the artwork is central to the realisation
of Installation Art, yet the display of Installation Art is often temporary. The
documentation of the artwork may be the only evidence of its existence,
and in some instances it may be the sole means by which the viewer engages
with the artwork. The temporary and ephemeral nature of much Installation
Art also presents a challenge to the art market to commodify and sell such
artwork, wherein the documentation may come to represent the artwork and,
consequently, it may acquire a commercial value in its own right. Equally, the
temporary nature of Installation Art presents considerable challenges to museums
and galleries to store and conserve such work, especially where the work
employs potentially obsolete technology or degradable material. Despite these
challenges, Installation Art continues to be bought and collected by public and
private collectors and institutions, often resulting in the consolidation of temporary
or ephemeral work. Rather than contributing to the decommodification of
the artwork, the material conditions of Installation Art have effected changes in
the display, acquisition, commissioning and conservation policies of exhibiting
institutions, enabling them to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of such practice.
The term Installation Art is broad and all-encompassing and its prevalence
and centrality in Contemporary Art is seen by some to suggest its imminent
demise; however, artists continue to employ and adapt strategies of installation.
Its versatility and flexibility as a mode of production and display, and its
capacity to address the concerns of both the artist and the viewer, ensure that
it remains a legitimate and relevant form of Contemporary Arts practice.
When Marcel Duchamp attempted to place his ‘readymades’ in a gallery
in 1917, he in effect stated that critiques of institutions of representation are
a necessary part of art.26 A urinal was deemed a fountain in the eventual
transition from plumbing outlet to gallery plinth and so questions were raised:
What is everyday life? What is art? Who decides these questions?27 The advent
of installation art harnessed these questions into: What is real? What is
representation? As a result, many terms have been applied to installation art
- category, event, environment, intervention, site, space, medium, assemblage,
ensemble, simulation, construction. This indicates that comprehending the
guises of art forms is much more complex than a historical litany of media
practices can explicate. The distinctions of art genres is critically linked to shifts
in social, economic, geographical and virtual contexts of how and where art
is read, experienced and historicised through collections, exhibitions and
documentation.
In an age defined by paradigms of mobility when potential to journey
seems evermore widely available, artists are increasingly nomadic and virtual
travel re-characterises the geography of social networks, the desire for physical
spaces where contemplative, confrontational and participatory spectatorship
can occur is peculiarly constant. Re
ศิลปะจัดวางเป็นคำกว้างกับช่วงของศิลปะปฏิบัติที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการติดตั้งหรือกำหนดค่าของวัตถุในพื้นที่ ที่ผลของวัตถุและพื้นที่ประกอบด้วยงานศิลปะ ศิลปะจัดวางเป็นแบบวิธีการผลิตและแสดงงานศิลปะแทนที่เคลื่อนไหว หรือลักษณะศิลปะจัดวางสามารถประกอบด้วยสื่อที่ไม่ใช่แบบดั้งเดิม และแบบดั้งเดิม เช่นรูปวาดจิตรกรรม ประติมากรรม READYMADES, FOUND วัตถุ และข้อความ ขึ้นอยู่กับจำนวนของวัตถุและธรรมชาติของการแสดงพื้นที่ติดตั้งสามารถช่วงจากระเบียบให้น้อยที่สุดได้ งานที่มีประสบการณ์แสดงศิลปะติดตั้งแตกต่างอย่างมากจากงานศิลปะดั้งเดิมเช่นจิตรกรรม ซึ่งมักจะดูจากจุดอ้างอิงเดียวกัน การติดตั้งศิลปะต้องหมั้นงานของตัวแสดงกับงานศิลปะ นี้อาจเกี่ยวข้องกับตัวแสดงที่ป้อนเข้าไปในพื้นที่ของงานศิลปะ และการโต้ตอบกับงานศิลปะ โดยการป้อนลงในช่องว่าง ตัวแสดงพบงานศิลปะจากหลายจุด ของมุมมอง ไม่ ใช่ จากมุมมองเดียวโดยทั่วไปมากขึ้นเกี่ยวข้องกับดูภาพวาด ศิลปะติดตั้งอาจมีส่วนร่วมมาก หรือความรู้สึก - สัมผัส เสียง และ กลิ่น - มากกว่าเพียงการมองเห็น หรือแสงความรู้สึก ศิลปะจัดวางเดินทาง foregrounds และการสื่อสารผ่านการการผลิตวัตถุสำเร็จรูปศิลปะศิลปะจัดวางมีประสบการ์ในการประสานของไซต์หรือพื้นที่ของการแสดงเป็นงานศิลปะ ในบางอินสแตนซ์ไซต์หรือตำแหน่งงานis an intrinsic and non-negotiable element of the work. To move the work orrecreate it in another site would constitute the destruction of the existing workand the creation of a new work, which may contravene the artist’s intentions.This type of Installation Art is called SITE-SPECIFIC, where the creation of theartwork relates to, and is contingent on, a specific site. Many artists who createInstallation Art impose conditions and provide detailed instructions with regardto the installation of the artwork, such as indicating where and how it can beinstalled, what materials are to be used, and whether it can be reinstalled in thesame or any other site.While the site is a central component of Installation Art, in some instancesit may not be particular to the artwork; therefore the artwork can be reconfiguredor reassembled in other similar sites or spaces in its existing state orin a reconfigured state, subject to the conditions of the artist. For example, aninstallation might be assembled and exhibited in various gallery spaces withinan ART MUSEUM or in a context outside the museum, such as a public space orin an ART FAIR or BIENNALE.Installation Art is mostly associated with the period from the 1960s to thepresent; yet there are many precedents, particularly in early twentieth centuryAVANT-GARDE movements, such as SUPREMATISM, CONSTRUCTIVISM,DADA, SURREALISM and FUTURISM. For example, the exhibition designsof El Lissitzky, Marcel Duchamp and the alterations made by Kurt Schwitters
to the rooms in his home, known as Merzbau, suggest early prototypes of
Installation Art.
The formative period of Installation Art, during the 1960s and 1970s,
was a period of social, political and cultural upheaval. A number of avantgarde
movements which have influenced the development of Installation Art,
such as MINIMALISM, ENVIRONMENTAL ART, LAND ART, CONCEPTUAL ART
and PERFORMANCE ART, emerged during this period in reaction to the perceived
limitations of MODERNISM – the COMMODIFICATION of the artwork,
the foregrounding of representation over experience and the constraints
imposed by a singular, detached encounter with the artwork. By abandoning
constructs such as the frame and the plinth, Minimalist artists resisted
strategies of representation and transcendence characteristic of Painting
and Sculpture, drawing the viewer’s attention instead to the totality of the
actual experience of the artwork – its materials, context and site. Similarly,
developments in Environmental Art, Land Art, Conceptual Art, Performance
Art, HAPPENINGS and VIDEO ART resulted in the creation of temporary,
performative and site-specific work, subverting the commodification of the
artwork and shifting consideration from what the artwork represents to what
the artwork communicates. By revealing the material conditions of display,
artists challenged the dominance of the conventional viewing conditions of
the art institution.
Emerging critical theories during this period, in particular FEMINISM,
POSTCOLONIAL THEORY and POSTSTRUCTURALISM, challenged
modernist assumptions about a stable, predictable and singular viewing
subject. These theories suggest that individuals are shaped by their cultural,
social, political and psychological experiences and that these experiences
inform their encounter with an artwork. As a mode of production and presentation,
Installation Art offers a complex and multifarious engagement with
the artwork, which reflects this representation of experience as fragmented
and contingent.
The increase in new venues and large-scale, international exhibitions
in the 1980s established the conditions for Installation Art to become a
dominant format, particularly in the production of large-scale and spectacular
work. Emerging artist-curated exhibitions placed a greater emphasis on
the role of COLLABORATION in Installation Art. While site specificity was an
important element of early forms of Installation Art, more recent forms tend
to adapt to the interior conditions of the exhibition space. In this regard, site
specificity has been displaced in favour of project-based, participatory or
discursive forms of installation, where interaction with the viewer or audience
is central to the artwork. This shift in emphasis towards discursive and
participatory modes of practice was also influenced by the emergence of SOCIALLY-ENGAGED and PARTICIPATORY ARTS in the 1980s and by RELATIONAL
ARTS in the 1990s. These modes of practice emphasise the activation
of the viewer through active engagement with the artwork.
The emergence of new technologies has also influenced the development
of Installation Art, in particular VIDEO and FILM where many artists employ
and subvert the conventions of the cinematic experience in terms of its use
of space, narrative and engagement with the audience. More recent developments
in DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY, VIRTUAL REALITY and the INTERNET as
virtual space, have expanded the field of Installation Art. Installation Art
continues to be shaped and influenced by developments in other fields and
disciplines. The performative elements of Installation Art have been influenced
by developments in avant-garde THEATRE and DANCE and similarly, developments
in ARCHITECTURE and INTERIOR DESIGN continue to inform consideration
of the use and designation of public and private space.
The viewer’s direct experience of the artwork is central to the realisation
of Installation Art, yet the display of Installation Art is often temporary. The
documentation of the artwork may be the only evidence of its existence,
and in some instances it may be the sole means by which the viewer engages
with the artwork. The temporary and ephemeral nature of much Installation
Art also presents a challenge to the art market to commodify and sell such
artwork, wherein the documentation may come to represent the artwork and,
consequently, it may acquire a commercial value in its own right. Equally, the
temporary nature of Installation Art presents considerable challenges to museums
and galleries to store and conserve such work, especially where the work
employs potentially obsolete technology or degradable material. Despite these
challenges, Installation Art continues to be bought and collected by public and
private collectors and institutions, often resulting in the consolidation of temporary
or ephemeral work. Rather than contributing to the decommodification of
the artwork, the material conditions of Installation Art have effected changes in
the display, acquisition, commissioning and conservation policies of exhibiting
institutions, enabling them to accommodate the idiosyncrasies of such practice.
The term Installation Art is broad and all-encompassing and its prevalence
and centrality in Contemporary Art is seen by some to suggest its imminent
demise; however, artists continue to employ and adapt strategies of installation.
Its versatility and flexibility as a mode of production and display, and its
capacity to address the concerns of both the artist and the viewer, ensure that
it remains a legitimate and relevant form of Contemporary Arts practice.
When Marcel Duchamp attempted to place his ‘readymades’ in a gallery
in 1917, he in effect stated that critiques of institutions of representation are
a necessary part of art.26 A urinal was deemed a fountain in the eventual
transition from plumbing outlet to gallery plinth and so questions were raised:
What is everyday life? What is art? Who decides these questions?27 The advent
of installation art harnessed these questions into: What is real? What is
representation? As a result, many terms have been applied to installation art
- category, event, environment, intervention, site, space, medium, assemblage,
ensemble, simulation, construction. This indicates that comprehending the
guises of art forms is much more complex than a historical litany of media
practices can explicate. The distinctions of art genres is critically linked to shifts
in social, economic, geographical and virtual contexts of how and where art
is read, experienced and historicised through collections, exhibitions and
documentation.
In an age defined by paradigms of mobility when potential to journey
seems evermore widely available, artists are increasingly nomadic and virtual
travel re-characterises the geography of social networks, the desire for physical
spaces where contemplative, confrontational and participatory spectatorship
can occur is peculiarly constant. Re
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..