ARCHITECTURE TO SUPPORT
DEMAND RESPONSE STANDARDS
Recent standards have emerged to provide a
common language of communication for
Demand Response (DR) in the smart grid environment. The most known are the OpenADR2.0 (Open Automated Demand Response) and SEP2.0 (Smart Energy Profile) [15]. Under the OpenADR standard, pricing signals (DR signals) are transmitted from the utility or the DR service provider to the end user under a server /client architecture. The server is the Virtual Top Node (VTN) whereas the clients are the Virtual End Nodes (VEN). The DR signal
can be an event-command or price signal that is
transmitted from the VTN to the VEN. The
VEN is then responsible to make a decision or even broadcast the DR signal to other VENs.
For the purpose of our investigation, the smart
Radio or Datacenter network can support OpenADR under the architecture that is presented in Fig. 4. The VTN is the Utility or the DR service provider. The VTN could also be the mobile operator or a cloud provider and the VENs are the network elements (BSs, data centers). The DR signal includes information about the amount of energy to be reduced for the day ahead, the required instantaneous load reduction at time instance t, or the electricity price. The role of the OpenADR translator in the proposed scheme is to convert DR signals to control schemes (RDR, DDR or DRLC). Using this architecture, the telecommunication operator can hold an active role in the energy market as he can reduce power when electricity price is high or provide a larger amount of energy to the power grid.