4. Conclusion
ConclusionThe lack of knowledge on the dominant pharmaceutical TPsformed in environmental systems limits the development ofconventional target analytical approaches for these potentialenvironmental contaminants and thus hampers comprehensiveresearch on environmental distribution, persistence, and ecotoxic-ological effects of TPs. Given the large number of organic pollutantsin the environment, an efficient method to identify key TPs thatare of environmental relevance from a persistence point of view isindispensable. This can be accomplished at satisfactory efficiency,data processing cost, and reliability, by the approach presentedin this study, which is based on state-of-the-art LC/HRMS and athree-step in silico data treatment. The utilization of UHPLC/QToF-MS provided qualitative information about TPs without a prioriknowledge as the full scan MS data acquisition enables flexibil-ity in post-acquisition data processing. The time-trend criterionapplied to retain only TPs with some persistence was essentialin reducing data processing time. Additionally, the high resolu-tion accurate mass data ensured the reliability when comparingthe candidate lists to the list of predicted/expected TPs. In total, 16TPs stemming from 9 parent pharmaceuticals were identified in thewater/sediment test system. The accuracy of the overall approachwas shown by the confirmation of all the 11 identified TPs forwhich reference standards were available. For additional 6 poten-tial TPs, a molecular formula was suggested based on m/z, but noadditional structural information could be generated. Among theTPs identified in the water/sediment tests, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (parent: carbamazepine), saluamine (parent: furosemide),chlorothiazide and 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide(parent of both: hydrochlorothiazide), and 1-naphthol (parent:propranolol) accumulated over the entire incubation period of 35days. A major strength of the approach is that all software toolsthat were used for data processing are freely available and/oropen-source licensed. This provides the opportunity to analyzehigh-resolution MS data independent of vendor-specific softwarein a well-documented and traceable manner.
4. Conclusion
ConclusionThe lack of knowledge on the dominant pharmaceutical TPsformed in environmental systems limits the development ofconventional target analytical approaches for these potentialenvironmental contaminants and thus hampers comprehensiveresearch on environmental distribution, persistence, and ecotoxic-ological effects of TPs. Given the large number of organic pollutantsin the environment, an efficient method to identify key TPs thatare of environmental relevance from a persistence point of view isindispensable. This can be accomplished at satisfactory efficiency,data processing cost, and reliability, by the approach presentedin this study, which is based on state-of-the-art LC/HRMS and athree-step in silico data treatment. The utilization of UHPLC/QToF-MS provided qualitative information about TPs without a prioriknowledge as the full scan MS data acquisition enables flexibil-ity in post-acquisition data processing. The time-trend criterionapplied to retain only TPs with some persistence was essentialin reducing data processing time. Additionally, the high resolu-tion accurate mass data ensured the reliability when comparingthe candidate lists to the list of predicted/expected TPs. In total, 16TPs stemming from 9 parent pharmaceuticals were identified in thewater/sediment test system. The accuracy of the overall approachwas shown by the confirmation of all the 11 identified TPs forwhich reference standards were available. For additional 6 poten-tial TPs, a molecular formula was suggested based on m/z, but noadditional structural information could be generated. Among theTPs identified in the water/sediment tests, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (parent: carbamazepine), saluamine (parent: furosemide),chlorothiazide and 4-amino-6-chloro-1,3-benzenedisulfonamide(parent of both: hydrochlorothiazide), and 1-naphthol (parent:propranolol) accumulated over the entire incubation period of 35days. A major strength of the approach is that all software toolsthat were used for data processing are freely available and/oropen-source licensed. This provides the opportunity to analyzehigh-resolution MS data independent of vendor-specific softwarein a well-documented and traceable manner.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..