The study included 98 non diabetic farmers who handle agricultural insecticides during their field work. The range of the exposure period for agricultural pesticides was 15–20 years. All farmers were males with mean age 39 ± 12 years. Another 90 administrative employees at Zagazig University Hospitals, non diabetic males age matched were selected as controls. History taking including family history for diabetes, assessment of blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference and body mass index was done for all participants. Blood samples were withdrawn for measurement of malathion concentration, fasting blood glucose level and fasting insulin level for calculation of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).