A TA-XT2i Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems Ltd., Godalming, UK) was used to determine crumb firmness, cohesiveness and springiness in sixfold. Cylindrical specimens (d = 21.7 mm,
h = 30 mm) were compressed with a perspex plate (diameter: 45 mm) at 1 mm/s until height was 15 mm. After unloading and a 5 s break, the specimen was compressed again. Crumb firmness was defined as force at 15mmdeformation in the first compression (Baixauli, Salvador, & Fiszman, 2008). Cohesiveness was defined as ratio of the work in the 2nd compression to compression work in the 1st cycle. Springiness refers to the remaining relative sample height when an initial force was registered during second compression (Kalinga & Mishra, 2009).