The moderator results revealed that at the withinperson
level of analysis: (a) self-efficacy had at best a moderate, positive
effect on performance and a null effect under other moderating conditions
(ρ ranged from –.02 to .33); (b) themain effect of past performance
on self-efficacy was stronger than the effect of self-efficacy on performance,
even in the moderating conditions that produced the strongest
self-efficacy/performance relationship; (c) the effect of past performance
on self-efficacy ranged from moderate to strong across moderating conditions
and was statistically significant across performance tasks, contextual
factors, and methodological moderators (ρ ranged from .18 to
.52).Overall, this suggests that self-efficacy is primarily a product of past
performance rather than the driving force affecting future performance.