In the Philippines, Concepcion and Digal describe how a number of alternative supply chains are emerging in response to the emergence of the institutional market. Invariably, these alternative supply chains coexist with the traditional marketing system, providing producers who are either unable or unwilling to change with an outlet for the produce they have cultivated. However, each of the chains differs in the extent to which producers may actively participate. In the market specialist chain, the product specialist chain and the food processor chain, the farmers’ relationship with the buyer remains essentially the same as in the traditional marketing system. In the development agency- assisted chain, small farmers are empowered to learn and to make their own production and marketing decisions. In the producer-managed chain, the farmers participate in making decisions on price, volume and quality, for each of the institutional markets they supply.