andomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared intensive case management with standard care or low-intensity case management in community-dwelling adults with severe mental disorder (schizophrenia, schizophrenia-like disorder, bipolar disorder, or depression with psychotic features). Excluded were trials involving an acute crisis team; a control condition of hospital admission, remaining in hospital, or an alternate form of intensive case management; patients with mean age 65 years; and patients with organic brain disorder or learning disability. Trials with inadequate concealment of allocation were also excluded. 29 RCTs (n = 5961, mean age 38 y, 63% men) met the selection criteria and had appropriate outcome data. Of these RCTs, 8 were multicentre trials for which each