any two of the above risk factors, and in addition, at least one of the following secondary risk factors: C-reactive protein (CRP) $20.0 mg/L or extent of infiltration on a chest X-ray (CXR) covering at least two-thirds of one lung. The mild group was defined as all other patients who did not fit the severe or moderate criteria. The patients were divided into a severe hypoalbuminemia and a non-severe hypoalbuminemia group before VCM administration. Nephrotoxicity to VCM was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 g/dL or a 50% increase over pretreatment levels.2 Liver dysfunction was defined according to International Consensus Meeting criteria.9
Pharmacokinetic data
The initial treatment schedule for VCM was simulated to achieve a trough concentration 10–15 μg/mL, with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) software using patient characteristics, including age, body weight and serum creatinine (VCM-TDM Microsoft® Excel Version 3.0, Shionogi and Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). The serum concentrations of VCM were determined from samples collected during the fifth day from the start of administration. The blood samples were obtained twice: before VCM administration (trough) and 1 hour after VCM administration (peak). The predicted 24-hour AUC values for VCM were calculated using the TDM software based on peak and trough concentrations.
Statistical analysis
All comparisons were unpaired, and all tests for significance were two-tailed. Continuous variables were compared using the Student’s t-test for normally distributed variables and the
any two of the above risk factors, and in addition, at least one of the following secondary risk factors: C-reactive protein (CRP) $20.0 mg/L or extent of infiltration on a chest X-ray (CXR) covering at least two-thirds of one lung. The mild group was defined as all other patients who did not fit the severe or moderate criteria. The patients were divided into a severe hypoalbuminemia and a non-severe hypoalbuminemia group before VCM administration. Nephrotoxicity to VCM was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of 0.5 g/dL or a 50% increase over pretreatment levels.2 Liver dysfunction was defined according to International Consensus Meeting criteria.9Pharmacokinetic dataThe initial treatment schedule for VCM was simulated to achieve a trough concentration 10–15 μg/mL, with therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) software using patient characteristics, including age, body weight and serum creatinine (VCM-TDM Microsoft® Excel Version 3.0, Shionogi and Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). The serum concentrations of VCM were determined from samples collected during the fifth day from the start of administration. The blood samples were obtained twice: before VCM administration (trough) and 1 hour after VCM administration (peak). The predicted 24-hour AUC values for VCM were calculated using the TDM software based on peak and trough concentrations.Statistical analysisAll comparisons were unpaired, and all tests for significance were two-tailed. Continuous variables were compared using the Student’s t-test for normally distributed variables and the
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