Cancer is a genetic disease in which the regulation, characteristics, and functions of normal cells are altered. Genes provide the instructions for making proteins and regulate when and where a protein will be produced. Proteins perform many functions essential for normal cellular functioning. During protein synthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) serves as codes for the production of amino acids and proteins. Genetic mutations may occur during DNA and protein synthesis, which allow malignant cells to gain a selection advantage over normal cells, enabling them to grow uncontrollably. Malignant transformation is influenced by multiple factors, including oncogenes, overexpression of growth factors (GFs), defective intracellular signal transducers, and cell membrane changes.