MATERIALS AND METHOD
Materials
The research areas are Kars and Ardahan cities situated in the
Northeast of Turkey (Figure 1). Ardahan is located on Eastern
Anatolian Region and it has 1.800 m height. There is Georgia in the
north, Georgia and Armenia in the east, Kars and Erzurum in the
south and Artvin in the west of Ardahan. As the city has continental
climate, winter is long, hard and snowy and summer is short and
cool. The vegetation of the city mostly consists of natural grass and
meadows. The city has the most mountainous and roughest field
pattern of Eastern Anatolian Region. The city centre is situated on
lowland and there is river called Kura in the middle of it. The square
measure of the city is 4.842 km2 (Anonim, 2008a).
Kars is located on the northeast zone of Eastern Anatolian
Region and average height of the city is 1768 m. There is Ardahan
in the north, Ari in the south, Idir in the southeast, Armenia in the
east and Erzurum in the west of Kars. The city is situated in Eastern