Participants underwent two sessions. During Phase 1, participants
in the repeated study condition studied the passage for four 5-
min periods, whereas those in the retrieval practice condition
first studied the passage in the first 5-min period and practiced
retrieving what they studied in the next three periods, writing
down as much material as they could remember from the passage.
Participants solved multiplication problems for 2 min in between
periods and 5 min at the end of Phase 1. Phase 2 comprised of a