A study by British and Italian researchers, which was published in 2005 in the journal "Heart," demonstrated that the experience of listening to passive music with a slow or meditative tempo had a relaxing effect on people, slowing breathing and heart rate, while the experience of listening to fast music with a more upbeat tempo sped up respiration and heart rate [10]. Mood, blood pressure and activity level have also been known to change. At rest, the average heart rate is 72 to 80 beats per minute. By comparison, the range of music tempo extends from 70 to 170 beats per minute. The research has shown that heart rate will moderately follow the beat of music.