under conventional silvicultural systems. However, in regions with
warmer climates than in the boreal forest example above, insect
populations may become more responsive and be of greater
concern. It may therefore be advisable to retain trees and CWD of
species that are less susceptible to insect damage (Vanha-Majamaa
and Jalonen, 2001), or to use fire to lower the suitability of CWD as
breeding material