As shown in Fig. 2, the bi-temporal change detection map indicated an increase in urban area in the Montréal CMA from 628 km² in 1975 to 1554 km² in 2015. In addition, extracting and overlaying the urban area of the multi-temporal classified imagery, the 10 year intervals urban expansion change map was generated (Figure 3). According to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, there were two main spatial urban expansion patterns in the Montréal CMA: centric expansion mode, in which the urban area expands from urban centres to surrounding non-urban areas by a series of concentric circles (Burgess, 2008); ribbon expansion mode, in which urban area grows along major river banks (e.g., St. Lawrence River) and lakeshores (e.g., Lake of Two Mountains). The Montréal CMA mainly expanded outward from the city of Montreal and along St. Lawrence River. Moreover, several major regional city centres, such as Laval, Roussillon, and Deux- Montagnes, also experienced rapid urbanization process within over past decades. As shown in Figure 3, many regional