The cooked rice was completely drained of water using a
strainer, and the surface moisture of the samples was removed
by blotting. A 20-mm diameter probe was used to compress 2–3
grains, with pre-test and post-test speeds of 1 mm s1 and a test
speed of 5.0 mm s1. A two-cycle compression force versus time
program was used to compress the samples to 90% of their original
thickness, after which the probe was returned to its original position
before performing the second compression test. Hardness was
determined from the first test curve.