was used to directly characterize the GNPs attachment on GaAs surface. As shown in Fig. 2B, a typical GNPs-GaAs hybrid structure was obtained by incubating thiolated dsDNA-GaAs with GNPs. The GNPs were evenly distributed over the whole GaAs surface with a diameter of ∼5 nm. Whereas, untreated or nonthiolated dsDNA-GaAs resulted in a clean surface without any GNPs. Therefore, the functionalized DNA duplex scaffolds are responsible for GNPs attachment on GaAs substrate.