Methods
Design: A cross-sectional descriptive design
was used in this study.
Ethical Considerations: Approval for
conducting this study was obtained from the Institutional
Review Board (IRB) of Mahidol University and the
research ethics committee of the hospitals used as the
study sites. The Protocol number is ID 04-55-33.
All participants were informed regarding: the study’s
purpose; assurance of privacy and confidentiality; their
right to withdraw from the study without penalty or
effect on their treatment; and the usefulness of the
study outcome. Those agreeing to participate were
asked to sign a consent form.
Sample and Setting: The sample size
was obtained from the study size for exploratory
factor analysis, which was to include five times
the number of 54 in the assessment form, thus,
the estimated number was approximately 270.
Even though 270 potential participants were
approached, only 250 were willing to participate
in the study. The number of 250 was adequate to
determine symptom cluster and showed a high
Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO=.904) measure of
sampling adequacy.17 Thus, the sample size used
in this study was 250.
The participants, confirmed as having COPD
by a physician, and able to follow up at respiratory
clinics in one university hospital and one provincial
hospital during July 2012 to September 2013. After
reviewing medical records, we decided our purposive
sample was inclusive of those: (1) aged 35 years or
older (since most of COPD start from age 40,23 thus,
we identified the age of 35 as a lowest age which could
be possible for this group); (2) willing to participate;
(3) and able to speak, read and write in Thai. Such
participants were invited into the study by the first
author.
MethodsDesign: A cross-sectional descriptive designwas used in this study.Ethical Considerations: Approval forconducting this study was obtained from the InstitutionalReview Board (IRB) of Mahidol University and theresearch ethics committee of the hospitals used as thestudy sites. The Protocol number is ID 04-55-33.All participants were informed regarding: the study’spurpose; assurance of privacy and confidentiality; theirright to withdraw from the study without penalty oreffect on their treatment; and the usefulness of thestudy outcome. Those agreeing to participate wereasked to sign a consent form.Sample and Setting: The sample sizewas obtained from the study size for exploratoryfactor analysis, which was to include five timesthe number of 54 in the assessment form, thus,the estimated number was approximately 270.Even though 270 potential participants wereapproached, only 250 were willing to participatein the study. The number of 250 was adequate todetermine symptom cluster and showed a highKaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO=.904) measure ofsampling adequacy.17 Thus, the sample size usedin this study was 250.The participants, confirmed as having COPDby a physician, and able to follow up at respiratoryclinics in one university hospital and one provincialhospital during July 2012 to September 2013. Afterreviewing medical records, we decided our purposivesample was inclusive of those: (1) aged 35 years orolder (since most of COPD start from age 40,23 thus,we identified the age of 35 as a lowest age which couldbe possible for this group); (2) willing to participate;(3) and able to speak, read and write in Thai. Suchparticipants were invited into the study by the firstauthor.
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