Advanced D2D communication is an attractive technology that enhances spectral efficiency and reduces end-to-end latency for 5G.
Not entirely depending on the cellular network, D2D devices can communicate directly with one another when they are in close proximity.
Hence, D2D communication will be used for offloading data from network so that the cost of processing those data and related signaling is minimized. Moreover, enhanced version of D2D communication was suggested lately for being
used as special purpose such as Mission Critical Push-To-Talk (MCPTT) communication and Vehicleto-Anything (V2X) communication.