- ข้อความ
- ประวัติศาสตร์
2. Materials and methods2.1. Experi
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Experimental sites and soils
Details of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have been
described in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;
Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2
lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites on
Ferralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were established
on sites where Eucalyptus had been grown for 2 rotations since
1977 (E. tereticornis sites), and 3 rotations since 1968 (Surianelli),
and 1958 (Vattavada). The 4 sites represented contrasting
environmental conditions and soil fertility status, which was useful
for interpreting the response of tree growth and N mineralization
to residue manipulation.
2.2. Harvest residue manipulation in the field
Four treatments were studied at each of the sites, comprising
Zero residues (all residues, leaf litter, twigs and bark, removed from
the plots), Burn (all residues redistributed evenly and burnt in the
plot), Single residues (harvest residues retained and spread evenly)
and Double residues (normal residue load plus all harvest originally
removed from the Zero residues treatment). The treatments were
established in a randomised block design with 4 replications. The
gross treated plots were 20 m 20 m size, with an inner measureplot
of 10 m 10 m. Due to space restrictions at the Kayampoovam
site, the gross plots there were 18 m 18 msize. All treatments had
a starter fertiliser at establishment, added at rate of 100 g/tree N:P:K,
17:7:14. The fertilizer was placed at 10-cm depth. The nutrient content
of the harvest residues was reported in Sankaran et al. (2005),
but briefly, the above-ground biomass in the tree crop across
the sites contained of 94–174 kg N ha1, 8–40 kg P ha1, 83–
266 kg K ha1,166–715 kg Ca ha1, and 21–75 kg Mg ha1. More
details on the nutrient contents and distribution within the tree
and understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.
2.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishment
of the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).
Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years
1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time of
the year the soil moisture level was at field capacity. A total of 9
soil cores were collected from each plot, from the 0–5 and
5–10 cm depth ranges. The 9 cores from each plot were bulked
within depths to produce a single sample for each depth range
from each of the experimental plots. N mineralization was assessed
on the 1999 samples, while other soil chemistry was assessed on
the samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing error
meant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soil
chemical analysis other than N mineralization.
2.3.1. N-mineralization studies
To collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, the
mineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,
and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) were
driven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with care
so as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil were
maintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported to
laboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One set
of cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately after
transportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into
0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that each
plot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),
then sieved to
2.1. Experimental sites and soils
Details of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have been
described in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;
Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2
lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites on
Ferralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were established
on sites where Eucalyptus had been grown for 2 rotations since
1977 (E. tereticornis sites), and 3 rotations since 1968 (Surianelli),
and 1958 (Vattavada). The 4 sites represented contrasting
environmental conditions and soil fertility status, which was useful
for interpreting the response of tree growth and N mineralization
to residue manipulation.
2.2. Harvest residue manipulation in the field
Four treatments were studied at each of the sites, comprising
Zero residues (all residues, leaf litter, twigs and bark, removed from
the plots), Burn (all residues redistributed evenly and burnt in the
plot), Single residues (harvest residues retained and spread evenly)
and Double residues (normal residue load plus all harvest originally
removed from the Zero residues treatment). The treatments were
established in a randomised block design with 4 replications. The
gross treated plots were 20 m 20 m size, with an inner measureplot
of 10 m 10 m. Due to space restrictions at the Kayampoovam
site, the gross plots there were 18 m 18 msize. All treatments had
a starter fertiliser at establishment, added at rate of 100 g/tree N:P:K,
17:7:14. The fertilizer was placed at 10-cm depth. The nutrient content
of the harvest residues was reported in Sankaran et al. (2005),
but briefly, the above-ground biomass in the tree crop across
the sites contained of 94–174 kg N ha1, 8–40 kg P ha1, 83–
266 kg K ha1,166–715 kg Ca ha1, and 21–75 kg Mg ha1. More
details on the nutrient contents and distribution within the tree
and understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.
2.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishment
of the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).
Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years
1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time of
the year the soil moisture level was at field capacity. A total of 9
soil cores were collected from each plot, from the 0–5 and
5–10 cm depth ranges. The 9 cores from each plot were bulked
within depths to produce a single sample for each depth range
from each of the experimental plots. N mineralization was assessed
on the 1999 samples, while other soil chemistry was assessed on
the samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing error
meant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soil
chemical analysis other than N mineralization.
2.3.1. N-mineralization studies
To collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, the
mineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,
and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) were
driven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with care
so as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil were
maintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported to
laboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One set
of cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately after
transportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into
0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that each
plot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),
then sieved to
0/5000
2. Materials and methods2.1. Experimental sites and soilsDetails of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have beendescribed in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites onFerralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were establishedon sites where Eucalyptus had been grown for 2 rotations since1977 (E. tereticornis sites), and 3 rotations since 1968 (Surianelli),and 1958 (Vattavada). The 4 sites represented contrastingenvironmental conditions and soil fertility status, which was usefulfor interpreting the response of tree growth and N mineralizationto residue manipulation.2.2. Harvest residue manipulation in the fieldFour treatments were studied at each of the sites, comprisingZero residues (all residues, leaf litter, twigs and bark, removed fromthe plots), Burn (all residues redistributed evenly and burnt in theplot), Single residues (harvest residues retained and spread evenly)and Double residues (normal residue load plus all harvest originallyremoved from the Zero residues treatment). The treatments wereestablished in a randomised block design with 4 replications. Thegross treated plots were 20 m 20 m size, with an inner measureplotof 10 m 10 m. Due to space restrictions at the Kayampoovamsite, the gross plots there were 18 m 18 msize. All treatments hada starter fertiliser at establishment, added at rate of 100 g/tree N:P:K,17:7:14. The fertilizer was placed at 10-cm depth. The nutrient contentof the harvest residues was reported in Sankaran et al. (2005),but briefly, the above-ground biomass in the tree crop acrossthe sites contained of 94–174 kg N ha1, 8–40 kg P ha1, 83–266 kg K ha1,166–715 kg Ca ha1, and 21–75 kg Mg ha1. Moredetails on the nutrient contents and distribution within the treeand understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.2.3. Soil samplingSoil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishmentof the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time ofthe year the soil moisture level was at field capacity. A total of 9soil cores were collected from each plot, from the 0–5 and5–10 cm depth ranges. The 9 cores from each plot were bulkedwithin depths to produce a single sample for each depth rangefrom each of the experimental plots. N mineralization was assessedon the 1999 samples, while other soil chemistry was assessed onthe samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing errormeant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soilchemical analysis other than N mineralization.2.3.1. N-mineralization studiesTo collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, themineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) weredriven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with careso as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil weremaintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported tolaboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One setof cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately aftertransportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that eachplot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),then sieved to <5 mm. The other set of cores (the ‘final’ samples)were incubated in the laboratory for 14 days at 25 C at fieldmoisture content (which was at or near field capacity). At theend of incubation period, soil was extracted from the cores andprocessed as described for initial samples. The sieved soil samples(from which 90% of soil was recovered) were stored for 2 days at4 C until analysis for mineral N.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Experimental sites and soils
Details of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have been
described in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;
Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2
lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites on
Ferralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were established
on sites where Eucalyptus had been grown for 2 rotations since
1977 (E. tereticornis sites), and 3 rotations since 1968 (Surianelli),
and 1958 (Vattavada). The 4 sites represented contrasting
environmental conditions and soil fertility status, which was useful
for interpreting the response of tree growth and N mineralization
to residue manipulation.
2.2. Harvest residue manipulation in the field
Four treatments were studied at each of the sites, comprising
Zero residues (all residues, leaf litter, twigs and bark, removed from
the plots), Burn (all residues redistributed evenly and burnt in the
plot), Single residues (harvest residues retained and spread evenly)
and Double residues (normal residue load plus all harvest originally
removed from the Zero residues treatment). The treatments were
established in a randomised block design with 4 replications. The
gross treated plots were 20 m 20 m size, with an inner measureplot
of 10 m 10 m. Due to space restrictions at the Kayampoovam
site, the gross plots there were 18 m 18 msize. All treatments had
a starter fertiliser at establishment, added at rate of 100 g/tree N:P:K,
17:7:14. The fertilizer was placed at 10-cm depth. The nutrient content
of the harvest residues was reported in Sankaran et al. (2005),
but briefly, the above-ground biomass in the tree crop across
the sites contained of 94–174 kg N ha1, 8–40 kg P ha1, 83–
266 kg K ha1,166–715 kg Ca ha1, and 21–75 kg Mg ha1. More
details on the nutrient contents and distribution within the tree
and understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.
2.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishment
of the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).
Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years
1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time of
the year the soil moisture level was at field capacity. A total of 9
soil cores were collected from each plot, from the 0–5 and
5–10 cm depth ranges. The 9 cores from each plot were bulked
within depths to produce a single sample for each depth range
from each of the experimental plots. N mineralization was assessed
on the 1999 samples, while other soil chemistry was assessed on
the samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing error
meant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soil
chemical analysis other than N mineralization.
2.3.1. N-mineralization studies
To collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, the
mineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,
and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) were
driven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with care
so as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil were
maintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported to
laboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One set
of cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately after
transportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into
0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that each
plot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),
then sieved to <5 mm. The other set of cores (the ‘final’ samples)
were incubated in the laboratory for 14 days at 25 C at field
moisture content (which was at or near field capacity). At the
end of incubation period, soil was extracted from the cores and
processed as described for initial samples. The sieved soil samples
(from which 90% of soil was recovered) were stored for 2 days at
4 C until analysis for mineral N.
2.1. Experimental sites and soils
Details of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have been
described in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;
Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2
lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites on
Ferralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were established
on sites where Eucalyptus had been grown for 2 rotations since
1977 (E. tereticornis sites), and 3 rotations since 1968 (Surianelli),
and 1958 (Vattavada). The 4 sites represented contrasting
environmental conditions and soil fertility status, which was useful
for interpreting the response of tree growth and N mineralization
to residue manipulation.
2.2. Harvest residue manipulation in the field
Four treatments were studied at each of the sites, comprising
Zero residues (all residues, leaf litter, twigs and bark, removed from
the plots), Burn (all residues redistributed evenly and burnt in the
plot), Single residues (harvest residues retained and spread evenly)
and Double residues (normal residue load plus all harvest originally
removed from the Zero residues treatment). The treatments were
established in a randomised block design with 4 replications. The
gross treated plots were 20 m 20 m size, with an inner measureplot
of 10 m 10 m. Due to space restrictions at the Kayampoovam
site, the gross plots there were 18 m 18 msize. All treatments had
a starter fertiliser at establishment, added at rate of 100 g/tree N:P:K,
17:7:14. The fertilizer was placed at 10-cm depth. The nutrient content
of the harvest residues was reported in Sankaran et al. (2005),
but briefly, the above-ground biomass in the tree crop across
the sites contained of 94–174 kg N ha1, 8–40 kg P ha1, 83–
266 kg K ha1,166–715 kg Ca ha1, and 21–75 kg Mg ha1. More
details on the nutrient contents and distribution within the tree
and understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.
2.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishment
of the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).
Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years
1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time of
the year the soil moisture level was at field capacity. A total of 9
soil cores were collected from each plot, from the 0–5 and
5–10 cm depth ranges. The 9 cores from each plot were bulked
within depths to produce a single sample for each depth range
from each of the experimental plots. N mineralization was assessed
on the 1999 samples, while other soil chemistry was assessed on
the samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing error
meant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soil
chemical analysis other than N mineralization.
2.3.1. N-mineralization studies
To collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, the
mineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,
and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) were
driven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with care
so as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil were
maintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported to
laboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One set
of cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately after
transportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into
0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that each
plot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),
then sieved to <5 mm. The other set of cores (the ‘final’ samples)
were incubated in the laboratory for 14 days at 25 C at field
moisture content (which was at or near field capacity). At the
end of incubation period, soil was extracted from the cores and
processed as described for initial samples. The sieved soil samples
(from which 90% of soil was recovered) were stored for 2 days at
4 C until analysis for mineral N.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
2. Materials and methods
2.1. Experimental sites and soils
Details of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have been
described in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;
Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2
lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites on
Ferralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were established
บนเว็บไซต์ที่มีการปลูกยูคาลิปตัส 2 รอบตั้งแต่
1977 ( E . tereticornis เว็บไซต์ ) และ 3 รอบ ( ตั้งแต่ 2511 และ surianelli )
1958 ( vattavada ) 4 เว็บไซต์แสดงตัดกัน
สภาพแวดล้อมและสภาพความอุดมสมบูรณ์ของดิน ซึ่งเป็นประโยชน์สำหรับการตีความของการตอบสนองการเจริญเติบโต
ต้นไม้และสารอินทรีย์ไนโตรเจนเพื่อการจัดการกาก
2.2 . การเก็บเกี่ยวการจัดการในเขต
กาก4 การรักษา ศึกษาในแต่ละเว็บไซต์ ประกอบด้วย
ศูนย์ตกค้าง ( ตกค้างใบขยะกิ่งไม้และเปลือกไม้ ลบออกจาก
แปลง ) , เขียน ( ตกค้างแจกจ่ายทั่วถึงและเผาใน
พล็อต ) ตกค้างเดียว ( ตกค้างเก็บเกี่ยวสะสมและกระจายไป )
และสารตกค้างคู่ ( ปกติกาก โหลด บวกทั้งหมดเก็บเกี่ยวเดิม
เอาออกจากศูนย์และการรักษา )ปลูก
ก่อตั้งขึ้นในโร block design มี 4 ซ้ำ
รวมถือว่าแปลง 20 M 20 เมตร ขนาด ด้วย
measureplot ชั้นในของ M 10 เมตร เนื่องจากข้อ จำกัด พื้นที่ที่ kayampoovam
เว็บไซต์ 10 แปลง รวมมี 18 M 18 msize . การรักษาทั้งหมดมี
เริ่มต้นปุ๋ยที่สถานประกอบการเพิ่มในอัตรา 100 กรัม / ต้น ( N : P : K ,
17:7:14 .ปุ๋ยอยู่ที่ 10 เซนติเมตร ความลึก สารอาหารเนื้อหา
ของการเก็บเกี่ยวและมีรายงานว่า ใน sankaran et al . ( 2005 ) ,
แต่สั้น ๆ , มวลชีวภาพเหนือพื้นดินในต้นไม้พืชข้าม
เว็บไซต์ที่มีอยู่ของ 94 – 174 กก. N ฮา 1 , 8 - 40 กก. P ฮา 1 83 กก. K (
0 1 – 715 กิโลกรัม ฮาฮา Ca 1 และ 21 – 75 กก. ต่อ ฮา 1 เพิ่มเติม
รายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับธาตุอาหารและการกระจายภายในต้นไม้
and understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.
2.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishment
of the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).
Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years
1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time of
ปี ความชื้นในดินระดับความจุสนาม รวม 9
แกนดินที่เก็บจากแต่ละแปลง จาก 0 – 5
5 – 10 เซนติเมตร ช่วง 9 แกนจากแต่ละแปลงมียก
ภายในความลึกผลิตตัวอย่างเดียวสำหรับแต่ละช่วงความลึก
จากแต่ละแปลงทดลอง สารอินทรีย์ไนโตรเจนและ
บน 1999 ตัวอย่างในขณะที่เคมีดินอื่น ๆที่ได้รับใน
the samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing error
meant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soil
chemical analysis other than N mineralization.
2.3.1. N-mineralization studies
To collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, the
mineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,
and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) were
driven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with care
so as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil were
maintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported to
laboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One set
of cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately after
transportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into
0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that each
plot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),
then sieved to <5 mm. The other set of cores (the ‘final’ samples)
were incubated in the laboratory for 14 days at 25 C at field
ความชื้น ( ซึ่งอยู่ในหรือใกล้สนามความจุ ) ที่สิ้นสุดระยะเวลาการบ่มดิน
, สกัดจากแกนประมวลผลตามที่อธิบายไว้และ
ตัวอย่างเบื้องต้น ที่ขนาดตัวอย่างดิน
( ซึ่ง 90% ของดินหาย ) ถูกเก็บไว้เป็นเวลา 2 วัน ที่
4 C จนถึงการวิเคราะห์แร่ )
2.1. Experimental sites and soils
Details of the study sites are provided in Table 1, and have been
described in previous publications (Sankaran et al., 2004;
Mendham et al., 2004). In summary, the study sites comprised 2
lowland (E. tereticornis) sites, and 2 upland (E. grandis) sites on
Ferralsol soils in Kerala, India. The plantations were established
บนเว็บไซต์ที่มีการปลูกยูคาลิปตัส 2 รอบตั้งแต่
1977 ( E . tereticornis เว็บไซต์ ) และ 3 รอบ ( ตั้งแต่ 2511 และ surianelli )
1958 ( vattavada ) 4 เว็บไซต์แสดงตัดกัน
สภาพแวดล้อมและสภาพความอุดมสมบูรณ์ของดิน ซึ่งเป็นประโยชน์สำหรับการตีความของการตอบสนองการเจริญเติบโต
ต้นไม้และสารอินทรีย์ไนโตรเจนเพื่อการจัดการกาก
2.2 . การเก็บเกี่ยวการจัดการในเขต
กาก4 การรักษา ศึกษาในแต่ละเว็บไซต์ ประกอบด้วย
ศูนย์ตกค้าง ( ตกค้างใบขยะกิ่งไม้และเปลือกไม้ ลบออกจาก
แปลง ) , เขียน ( ตกค้างแจกจ่ายทั่วถึงและเผาใน
พล็อต ) ตกค้างเดียว ( ตกค้างเก็บเกี่ยวสะสมและกระจายไป )
และสารตกค้างคู่ ( ปกติกาก โหลด บวกทั้งหมดเก็บเกี่ยวเดิม
เอาออกจากศูนย์และการรักษา )ปลูก
ก่อตั้งขึ้นในโร block design มี 4 ซ้ำ
รวมถือว่าแปลง 20 M 20 เมตร ขนาด ด้วย
measureplot ชั้นในของ M 10 เมตร เนื่องจากข้อ จำกัด พื้นที่ที่ kayampoovam
เว็บไซต์ 10 แปลง รวมมี 18 M 18 msize . การรักษาทั้งหมดมี
เริ่มต้นปุ๋ยที่สถานประกอบการเพิ่มในอัตรา 100 กรัม / ต้น ( N : P : K ,
17:7:14 .ปุ๋ยอยู่ที่ 10 เซนติเมตร ความลึก สารอาหารเนื้อหา
ของการเก็บเกี่ยวและมีรายงานว่า ใน sankaran et al . ( 2005 ) ,
แต่สั้น ๆ , มวลชีวภาพเหนือพื้นดินในต้นไม้พืชข้าม
เว็บไซต์ที่มีอยู่ของ 94 – 174 กก. N ฮา 1 , 8 - 40 กก. P ฮา 1 83 กก. K (
0 1 – 715 กิโลกรัม ฮาฮา Ca 1 และ 21 – 75 กก. ต่อ ฮา 1 เพิ่มเติม
รายละเอียดเกี่ยวกับธาตุอาหารและการกระจายภายในต้นไม้
and understorey components are presented in Sankaran et al., 2005.
2.3. Soil sampling
Soil samples were collected at 1 and 2 years after establishment
of the plantation, from the inner measure plots (10 m 10 m).
Sampling was carried out in the first half of September of the years
1999 and 2000, during the rainy season in Kerala. At this time of
ปี ความชื้นในดินระดับความจุสนาม รวม 9
แกนดินที่เก็บจากแต่ละแปลง จาก 0 – 5
5 – 10 เซนติเมตร ช่วง 9 แกนจากแต่ละแปลงมียก
ภายในความลึกผลิตตัวอย่างเดียวสำหรับแต่ละช่วงความลึก
จากแต่ละแปลงทดลอง สารอินทรีย์ไนโตรเจนและ
บน 1999 ตัวอย่างในขณะที่เคมีดินอื่น ๆที่ได้รับใน
the samples collected in the year 2000. A sample processing error
meant that we could not use the samples collected in 1999 for soil
chemical analysis other than N mineralization.
2.3.1. N-mineralization studies
To collect soil samples for N mineralization assessment, the
mineral soil was firstly exposed by removing surface litter deposits,
and then steel cores (18 cores per plot, 4 cm diameter) were
driven in pairs into the soil to 20 cm depth and extracted with care
so as to not disturb soil inside the core. The cores with soil were
maintained upright in polyethylene bags and transported to
laboratory under cold conditions in insulated containers. One set
of cores (the ‘initial’ samples) was extracted immediately after
transportation to laboratory. The soil cores were sectioned into
0–5 cm, 5–10 and 10–20 cm intervals, the 9 cores per plot were mixed thoroughly within each of the depth ranges, so that each
plot was represented by 3 composite samples (1 for each depth),
then sieved to <5 mm. The other set of cores (the ‘final’ samples)
were incubated in the laboratory for 14 days at 25 C at field
ความชื้น ( ซึ่งอยู่ในหรือใกล้สนามความจุ ) ที่สิ้นสุดระยะเวลาการบ่มดิน
, สกัดจากแกนประมวลผลตามที่อธิบายไว้และ
ตัวอย่างเบื้องต้น ที่ขนาดตัวอย่างดิน
( ซึ่ง 90% ของดินหาย ) ถูกเก็บไว้เป็นเวลา 2 วัน ที่
4 C จนถึงการวิเคราะห์แร่ )
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
ภาษาอื่น ๆ
การสนับสนุนเครื่องมือแปลภาษา: กรีก, กันนาดา, กาลิเชียน, คลิงออน, คอร์สิกา, คาซัค, คาตาลัน, คินยารวันดา, คีร์กิซ, คุชราต, จอร์เจีย, จีน, จีนดั้งเดิม, ชวา, ชิเชวา, ซามัว, ซีบัวโน, ซุนดา, ซูลู, ญี่ปุ่น, ดัตช์, ตรวจหาภาษา, ตุรกี, ทมิฬ, ทาจิก, ทาทาร์, นอร์เวย์, บอสเนีย, บัลแกเรีย, บาสก์, ปัญจาป, ฝรั่งเศส, พาชตู, ฟริเชียน, ฟินแลนด์, ฟิลิปปินส์, ภาษาอินโดนีเซี, มองโกเลีย, มัลทีส, มาซีโดเนีย, มาราฐี, มาลากาซี, มาลายาลัม, มาเลย์, ม้ง, ยิดดิช, ยูเครน, รัสเซีย, ละติน, ลักเซมเบิร์ก, ลัตเวีย, ลาว, ลิทัวเนีย, สวาฮิลี, สวีเดน, สิงหล, สินธี, สเปน, สโลวัก, สโลวีเนีย, อังกฤษ, อัมฮาริก, อาร์เซอร์ไบจัน, อาร์เมเนีย, อาหรับ, อิกโบ, อิตาลี, อุยกูร์, อุสเบกิสถาน, อูรดู, ฮังการี, ฮัวซา, ฮาวาย, ฮินดี, ฮีบรู, เกลิกสกอต, เกาหลี, เขมร, เคิร์ด, เช็ก, เซอร์เบียน, เซโซโท, เดนมาร์ก, เตลูกู, เติร์กเมน, เนปาล, เบงกอล, เบลารุส, เปอร์เซีย, เมารี, เมียนมา (พม่า), เยอรมัน, เวลส์, เวียดนาม, เอสเปอแรนโต, เอสโทเนีย, เฮติครีโอล, แอฟริกา, แอลเบเนีย, โคซา, โครเอเชีย, โชนา, โซมาลี, โปรตุเกส, โปแลนด์, โยรูบา, โรมาเนีย, โอเดีย (โอริยา), ไทย, ไอซ์แลนด์, ไอร์แลนด์, การแปลภาษา.
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- จับคนร้าย
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- รู้ใจ
