The main purpose of this chapter is to expound and criticize the dominant
epistemological perspective of mathematics. This is the absolutist view that
mathematical truth is absolutely certain, that mathematics is the one and perhaps the
only realm of certain, unquestionable and objective knowledge. This is to be
contrasted with the opposing fallibilist view that mathematical truth is corrigible, and
can never be regarded as being above revision and correction.
Much is made of the absolutist-fallibilist distinction because, as is shown
subsequently, the choice of which of these two philosophical perspectives is adopted
is perhaps the most important epistemological factor underlying the teaching of
mathematics.