At the global level, the International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC) was established about the time of the Vienna World Conference, meeting for the first time in the margins of the Conference. Various regional associations were also established and have developed at different rates. The Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions (APF) was established in 1996 with its own secretariat, based in Sydney, Australia, and a program of capacity building for its members and activities for its own development. The APF now has 22 members, of which 15 are fully compliant with the Paris Principles and the remaining seven are moving towards full compliance. The other regional associations are the:
• European Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions
• Network of African National Human Rights Institutions29
• Network of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights of the Americas.30
In 2007, the APF developed guidelines for the process of establishing an NHRI.97 These guidelines reflect “good practice” for States wishing to establish an NHRI in accordance with the Paris Principles. The guidelines state that: The establishment of a national human rights institution should be considered an important national endeavour. The process of developing the institution, its establishment and implementation should be treated with the same level of seriousness accorded to other major national activities.98 These guidelines identify broad public consultation as the most significant factor in achieving an effective NHRI in compliance with the Paris Principles. They provide that the consultation process should address: • the human rights situation of the country concerned, which will help define the scope of the proposed institution • the legal basis for the national institution; that is, whether by constitution or by legislation • the mandate of the national institution, encompassing issues foreshadowed in the Paris Principles and covering the tasks of advising Government, investigating allegations of human rights violations, and education and human rights promotion • measures to ensure independence • measures to ensure pluralism • the structure of the national institution, including staffing and geographical accessibility • methods of appointing commissioners that are open and consultative and provide for the necessary qualities of competence, integrity, independence and pluralism • adequate resources for the national institution • cooperation between the national institution and non-governmental organisations • accountability mechanisms.99 The APF itself and UN agencies, in particular OHCHR, provide support and advice to States interested in establishing an NHRI or in strengthening an existing NHRI, based on the expertise and experience of the APF and OHCHR in working with NHRIs over the past two decades.
Nineteen of the 22 APF member institutions have been established on the commission model.109 This model is also the most common model for NHRIs in Commonwealth countries, including the Anglophone countries of Africa. The commission model is probably the most common model among NHRIs worldwide
The APF has published a manual on human rights education for NHRIs.233 It provides much more detailed consideration of human rights education and of the role of NHRIs in human rights education than it is possible to cover in this section.
THE APF MANUAL ON HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION HAS IDENTIFIED SIX PRINCIPLES AND TEN PRACTICES FOR GOOD HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION.238 Human rights education principles apply across all levels of human rights education activity whether in non-formal or formal settings. While specific settings will influence what and how the educator develops and delivers human rights education, the following six principles have been developed as a guide for this manual. Human rights education: • is participant-centred and relevant • is enhanced by partnerships and collaborations • acknowledges participants as educators • deepens knowledge and experience • recognises that societal change comes from informed action • is transformative. The practice of human rights education is consistent with, and guided by, human rights and education principles. Hence the activity of human rights education focuses on strengthening respect for the human rights and dignity of participants, and enabling their full and active participation in the learning process
The NHRC’s research and investigations culminated in an international conference, “Mining and Human Rights in Mongolia”, hosted by the NHRC in 2012. It brought together all the relevant stakeholders: state, central and local administrative bodies; mining companies; international and national civil society organisations from the human rights and environmental fields; international and national media organisations; scientists and researchers; local communities; herders; artisanal miners; APF member institutions; embassy staff; and UN human rights experts. Results were shared and recommendations were developed with contributions from all sectors.
In 1999, the APF convened a regional meeting of NHRIs and NGOs in Kandy, Sri Lanka, to discuss the partnership relationship between NHRIs and NGOs. The meeting produced the Kandy Program of Action as a guide for both NHRIs and NGOs to encourage their cooperation.313 NHRIs and NGOs recognised that: … national human rights institutions and NGOs have different roles in the promotion and protection of human rights and that the independence and autonomy of civil society and NGOs and of national human rights institutions must be respected and upheld.314 They agreed that “there should be mutual consultation and cooperation in human rights projects and education”.315 Consultation between NHRIs and NGOs should be “regular, transparent, inclusive and substantive”.316 The Kandy Program of Action went on to describe areas for cooperation between NHRIs and NGOs in: • education • complaints and investigations • national human rights inquiries undertaken by NHRIs • relations with parliaments • advising on legislation • establishing new NHRIs • engaging with the international human rights system.
APF Migrant Workers Focal Group At its 15th Annual Meeting in 2010, the APF agreed to request member NHRIs to establish “focal points” on the rights of migrant workers. A number of NHRIs subsequently designated one or more staff members to act as focal points to implement a program of action to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers. Others have also assigned one or more staff members as focal points on the rights of migrant workers with clear duties in relation to monitoring and outreach activities. For example, the National Human Rights Committee of Qatar undertakes a number of inspection visits each month to places of employment of migrant workers and workers’ residences “to observe their situations or to play an intermediary role between them and [their] employer”.360 Through the coordination of the APF secretariat, these focal points have contributed information and expertise on good practices of NHRIs in protecting and promoting the rights of migrant workers.
The participation rights of NHRIs in the UNHRC extend to their international and regional associations. 400 The International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC) and the APF, along with the regional associations of NHRIs in Africa, the Americas and Europe, can and do make oral and written statements, submit documents, attend consultations and working groups, sponsor parallel events and advocate in and around UNHRC sessions. The ICC has a permanent representative in Geneva and the APF sends a representative to Geneva regularly. They speak and act on behalf of their member NHRIs collectively and can also do so on behalf of individual NHRIs. Accredited NHRIs can also speak on behalf of other “A status” NHRIs. These are important opportunities as many NHRIs do not have the resources – financial and personnel – to be able to attend UNHRC sessions regularly and none has the resources to attend all sessions. NHRIs can engage not only with the UNHRC itself but also with its most important human rights mechanisms, including the UPR and the special procedures.
In 2008, the APF Annual Meeting decided that APF and its member institutions should engage with CSW to promote opportunities for NHRIs to contribute to CSW and for CSW to support the work of NHRIs. This five-year project was subsequently endorsed and supported by the ICC. In 2009, five APF members and the APF secretariat attended the annual CSW session for the first time.412 Their attendance was welcomed by many States and CSW was encouraged to develop rules of procedure to enable the regular participation of NHRIs in compliance with the Paris Principles. For the first time, the Agreed Conclusions of the CSW session referred to the role of NHRIs. APF members and the APF secretariat continued to attend the annual sessions each year until 2013 and were successful in having reference to the role of NHRIs inserted in the Agreed Conclusions. The project was completed in 2013. It had not achieved one of its principal objectives – having CSW adopt rules for the participation of NHRIs – but it was very successful in having CSW recognise the significant role of NHRIs in advancing women’s rights and promoting gender equality. In addition, the project led to: • significantly greater understanding of the role and functions of NHRIs among the government delegations that make up the CSW • the role of NHRIs being recognised by the CSW on each occasion it has adopted Agreed Conclusions at the end of its annual session (2009, 2011 and 2013) • the UNHRC adopting a resolution in 2012 that recognised the contribution of NHRIs at the CSW a
ในระดับสากล การอินเตอร์ประสานงานกรรมการของชาติสถาบันส่งเสริมและคุ้มครองของสิทธิมนุษยชน (ICC) ได้ก่อตั้งขึ้นเกี่ยวกับเวลาเวียนนาโลกประชุม ครั้งแรกในระยะขอบของการประชุม เชื่อมโยงภูมิภาคต่าง ๆ ถูกก่อตั้งขึ้น และมีพัฒนาที่ ในเอเชียแปซิฟิกเวทีของชาติสิทธิมนุษยชนสถาบัน (APF) ก่อตั้งขึ้นในปี 1996 กับเลขานุการของตนเอง ในซิดนีย์ ออสเตรเลีย และโปรแกรมกำลังสร้างสมาชิกและกิจกรรมสำหรับการพัฒนาตนเอง APF ขณะนี้มีสมาชิก 22 ที่ 15 ตรงตามหลักการปารีส และเจ็ดเหลือย้ายปฏิบัติเต็ม สมาคมภูมิภาคอื่น ๆ ได้: •ยุโรปประสานงานคณะกรรมการมนุษยชนแห่งชาติสิทธิสถาบัน •เครือข่ายสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งชาติแอฟริกา Institutions29 •เครือข่ายของสถาบันแห่งชาติส่งเสริมและคุ้มครองสิทธิมนุษยชนของ Americas.30ในปี 2007, APF ที่พัฒนาแนวทางการสร้าง NHRI.97 การแนวทางเหล่านี้สะท้อนให้เห็นถึง "ดี" ในอเมริกาที่ต้องสร้างการ NHRI ตามหลักการปารีส แนวทางรัฐที่: การจัดตั้งสถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนแห่งชาติควรพิจารณา endeavour แห่งชาติสำคัญ ควรได้รับการพัฒนาสถาบัน ก่อตั้ง และดำเนินงานระดับเดียวกันของ activities.98 ชาติอื่น ๆ หลักทรัพย์อย่างจริงจัง แนวทางเหล่านี้ระบุหารือกว้างเป็นปัจจัยที่สำคัญในการบรรลุการ NHRI มีประสิทธิภาพตามหลักการปารีส ให้การปรึกษาควร: •สถานการณ์สิทธิมนุษยชนของประเทศเกี่ยวข้อง ซึ่งจะช่วยกำหนดขอบเขตของ•สถาบันเสนอพื้นฐานทางกฎหมายสำหรับสถาบันแห่งชาติ นั่นคือ ว่า โดยรัฐธรรมนูญ หรือกฎหมาย•ข้อบังคับของสถาบันชาติ ปัญหา foreshadowed ในหลักการปารีส และครอบคลุมงานของรัฐบาล การตรวจสอบข้อกล่าวหาการ ละเมิดสิทธิมนุษยชน การศึกษา และมาตรการ•ส่งเสริมสิทธิมนุษยชนให้เป็นอิสระ•มาตรการให้ pluralism •โครงสร้างของสถาบันชาติ ปรึกษาที่ครอบคลุมรวมถึงพนักงาน และภูมิศาสตร์•วิธีการแต่งตั้งในคณะกรรมาธิการที่เปิด และ consultative และให้คุณภาพจำเป็นสาย ความซื่อสัตย์ ความเป็นอิสระ และ pluralism •ทรัพยากรเพียงพอสำหรับสถาบันการศึกษาแห่งชาติ•ความร่วมมือระหว่างสถาบันการศึกษาแห่งชาติและองค์กรเอกชน•ความรับผิดชอบ mechanisms.99 APF ตัวเองและหน่วยงานสหประชาชาติ OHCHR เฉพาะ ให้การสนับสนุนและคำแนะนำสนใจ ในการสร้างการ NHRI หรือวิกฤติการ NHRI อยู่ ตามความเชี่ยวชาญและประสบการณ์ของ APF และ OHCHR ทำงานกับ NHRIs ผ่านมาสองทศวรรษอเมริกาของสถาบันสมาชิก APF ที่ 22 ได้ถูกก่อตั้งใน model.109 เสริมรุ่นนี้เป็นแบบทั่วไปสำหรับ NHRIs ในประเทศเครือจักรภพ Anglophone ประเทศของแอฟริการวมทั้ง รูปนายแบบอาจเป็นแบบทั่วไประหว่าง NHRIs ทั่วโลกAPF ได้เผยแพร่คู่มือในการศึกษาสิทธิมนุษยชนสำหรับ NHRIs.233 ให้มากพิจารณารายละเอียด ของการศึกษาสิทธิมนุษยชน และบทบาทของ NHRIs ในสิทธิมนุษยชนศึกษากว่าสามารถครอบคลุมในส่วนนี้หลักการศึกษาสิทธิมนุษยชน APF คู่มือการสิทธิมนุษยชนศึกษาได้ระบุ 6 หลักและสิบปฏิบัติสำหรับดีสิทธิมนุษยชน EDUCATION.238 ใช้ในระดับทั้งหมดของกิจกรรมการศึกษาสิทธิมนุษยชนในอัธยาศัย หรือเป็นการตั้งค่า ในขณะที่การตั้งค่าเฉพาะจะมีผลกระทบอะไรและอย่างไรประวัติผู้สอนและการพัฒนา และส่งสิทธิมนุษยชนศึกษา ได้รับการพัฒนาหลักหกต่อไปนี้เป็นคำแนะนำในคู่มือนี้ สิทธิมนุษยชนศึกษา: •เป็นศูนย์กลางการเรียน และเพิ่ม โดยความร่วมมือที่เกี่ยวข้อง••ความร่วมมือยอมรับว่า ผู้เข้าร่วม•ความ deepens ความรู้ และประสบการณ์•ตระหนักถึงว่า ข้อมูลเปลี่ยนแปลงมาจาก•ดำเนินการทราบเป็นเปลี่ยนแปลง สอดคล้องกับปฏิบัติการสิทธิมนุษยชนศึกษา และแนะนำ โดย สิทธิมนุษยชนและหลักการศึกษา ดังนั้น การศึกษาสิทธิมนุษยชนเน้นเสริมสร้างความเคารพในสิทธิมนุษยชนและศักดิ์ศรีของผู้เรียน และเปิดใช้งานการเข้าร่วมเต็มรูปแบบ และใช้งานในกระบวนการเรียนรู้The NHRC’s research and investigations culminated in an international conference, “Mining and Human Rights in Mongolia”, hosted by the NHRC in 2012. It brought together all the relevant stakeholders: state, central and local administrative bodies; mining companies; international and national civil society organisations from the human rights and environmental fields; international and national media organisations; scientists and researchers; local communities; herders; artisanal miners; APF member institutions; embassy staff; and UN human rights experts. Results were shared and recommendations were developed with contributions from all sectors.In 1999, the APF convened a regional meeting of NHRIs and NGOs in Kandy, Sri Lanka, to discuss the partnership relationship between NHRIs and NGOs. The meeting produced the Kandy Program of Action as a guide for both NHRIs and NGOs to encourage their cooperation.313 NHRIs and NGOs recognised that: … national human rights institutions and NGOs have different roles in the promotion and protection of human rights and that the independence and autonomy of civil society and NGOs and of national human rights institutions must be respected and upheld.314 They agreed that “there should be mutual consultation and cooperation in human rights projects and education”.315 Consultation between NHRIs and NGOs should be “regular, transparent, inclusive and substantive”.316 The Kandy Program of Action went on to describe areas for cooperation between NHRIs and NGOs in: • education • complaints and investigations • national human rights inquiries undertaken by NHRIs • relations with parliaments • advising on legislation • establishing new NHRIs • engaging with the international human rights system.APF Migrant Workers Focal Group At its 15th Annual Meeting in 2010, the APF agreed to request member NHRIs to establish “focal points” on the rights of migrant workers. A number of NHRIs subsequently designated one or more staff members to act as focal points to implement a program of action to promote and protect the rights of migrant workers. Others have also assigned one or more staff members as focal points on the rights of migrant workers with clear duties in relation to monitoring and outreach activities. For example, the National Human Rights Committee of Qatar undertakes a number of inspection visits each month to places of employment of migrant workers and workers’ residences “to observe their situations or to play an intermediary role between them and [their] employer”.360 Through the coordination of the APF secretariat, these focal points have contributed information and expertise on good practices of NHRIs in protecting and promoting the rights of migrant workers.The participation rights of NHRIs in the UNHRC extend to their international and regional associations. 400 The International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (ICC) and the APF, along with the regional associations of NHRIs in Africa, the Americas and Europe, can and do make oral and written statements, submit documents, attend consultations and working groups, sponsor parallel events and advocate in and around UNHRC sessions. The ICC has a permanent representative in Geneva and the APF sends a representative to Geneva regularly. They speak and act on behalf of their member NHRIs collectively and can also do so on behalf of individual NHRIs. Accredited NHRIs can also speak on behalf of other “A status” NHRIs. These are important opportunities as many NHRIs do not have the resources – financial and personnel – to be able to attend UNHRC sessions regularly and none has the resources to attend all sessions. NHRIs can engage not only with the UNHRC itself but also with its most important human rights mechanisms, including the UPR and the special procedures.In 2008, the APF Annual Meeting decided that APF and its member institutions should engage with CSW to promote opportunities for NHRIs to contribute to CSW and for CSW to support the work of NHRIs. This five-year project was subsequently endorsed and supported by the ICC. In 2009, five APF members and the APF secretariat attended the annual CSW session for the first time.412 Their attendance was welcomed by many States and CSW was encouraged to develop rules of procedure to enable the regular participation of NHRIs in compliance with the Paris Principles. For the first time, the Agreed Conclusions of the CSW session referred to the role of NHRIs. APF members and the APF secretariat continued to attend the annual sessions each year until 2013 and were successful in having reference to the role of NHRIs inserted in the Agreed Conclusions. The project was completed in 2013. It had not achieved one of its principal objectives – having CSW adopt rules for the participation of NHRIs – but it was very successful in having CSW recognise the significant role of NHRIs in advancing women’s rights and promoting gender equality. In addition, the project led to: • significantly greater understanding of the role and functions of NHRIs among the government delegations that make up the CSW • the role of NHRIs being recognised by the CSW on each occasion it has adopted Agreed Conclusions at the end of its annual session (2009, 2011 and 2013) • the UNHRC adopting a resolution in 2012 that recognised the contribution of NHRIs at the CSW a
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