One example of a project which has met the criteria for successful water services on IWRM lines is a large-scale gravity-feed water supply scheme in the water-short Hitosa district in the Arssi zone of Ethiopia (Silkin, 1998). The technology is simple and cheap: capped springs in the surrounding mountains, with pipelines serving 122 public tapstands and connections to some individual buildings. The complexity of the schemes lies in its management requirements: 28 villages and three small towns with 56,000 customers were to be served, and 140 kilometres of main and subsidiary pipeline had to be operated and maintained. However, the parties involved opted for community management, supported and facilitated by government and the development NGO WaterAid. An elaborate structure of representative bodies, at community and district level, with many women participants, was established over the period of three years during which the pipelines were built. Community funds and labour quotas were agreed, and a collection system for water tariffs put in place. Water is bought for many purposes, including livestock in the dry season, and beer-making