Besides medication, psychosocial interventions
have shown improvement in depressive symptoms.
Lustman, Griffith, Freedland, Kissel, and Carney
(1998) conducted a randomized controlled trial of
cognitive behavior therapy and diabetes education
to improve depression among patients with poorly
controlled diabetes. The results showed a clinically
significant reduction in depression and hemoglobin
A1c (HbA1c) level at the 6-month follow-up when
compared with a control group receiving diabetes
education only.