Clinicians are quite rightly raising questions about
where it should be positioned among the systems of noninvasive
respiratory support, such as high-concentration
face masks and nasal CPAP. Its mode of action is original
and complex. Initiating HFNC is relatively simple, but
close monitoring is essential. Since the critical review of
HFNC use in ill infants, children, and adults [1], additional
physiological and clinical data have been reported, particularly
in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. The range of
indications for HFNC is also likely to broaden in the future,
and further studies are therefore needed to ensure
that the guidelines for use are evidence-based.