It should be considered that coffee does have modest cardiovascular effects such as tachycardia, high blood pressure,and occasional arrhythmia. The acute effects of coffee on the cardiovascular system might arise in the time immediate to coffee intake or in more susceptible individuals. Recent analyses have concluded that a weak inverse association may exist between coffee consumption and the risk of stroke, but further research is needed to clarify this. Although there is no definite clinical relationship between coffee intake and the risk of cardiac arrhythmia, many doctors would not recommend coffee for the patients. Any contribution of coffee ingestion to the development of hypertension is likely to be small, but it is considerable particularly in infrequent coffee drinkers. Caffeine leads to a slight decrease in the efficiency of calcium absorption in gastrointestinal tract. Thus, an ade-quate intake of calcium and vitamin D and a limitation ofcoffee intake to 2–3 cups/day may help reduce the risk ofosteoporosis and its related fracture particularly in elderlyadults