In recent years, energy sources which cause less pollution (biodiesel
and ethyl alcohol) have emerged as alternatives to fossil
fuels (Proálcool, 2001). Brazil is the world’s largest producer of
alcohol and sugar from sugar cane (Ethanol fuel in Brazil, 2009).
The fast carbon cycling in sugar-cane production and use are
responsible for the CO2 emission reduction (Macedo, 1992). Brazil
is the only country worldwide that has an extensive alternative
program for automobile fuel. Today more than one million flex fuel
(alcohol and/or gasoline) cars are in use, and more than 75% of the
new cars produced in the country use this system. The Brazilian
PROALCOOL program (Proálcool, 2001) was 33 years old in 2008,
and today almost five million cars (25% of the nation’s total)
which run on alcohol or flex fuel are in use. The new technology
of flex-fuel vehicles which was developed in 1990 decade and applied
to new cars in 2003 by Volkswagen (Proálcool, 2001) revived
the program.
In recent years, energy sources which cause less pollution (biodieseland ethyl alcohol) have emerged as alternatives to fossilfuels (Proálcool, 2001). Brazil is the world’s largest producer ofalcohol and sugar from sugar cane (Ethanol fuel in Brazil, 2009).The fast carbon cycling in sugar-cane production and use areresponsible for the CO2 emission reduction (Macedo, 1992). Brazilis the only country worldwide that has an extensive alternativeprogram for automobile fuel. Today more than one million flex fuel(alcohol and/or gasoline) cars are in use, and more than 75% of thenew cars produced in the country use this system. The BrazilianPROALCOOL program (Proálcool, 2001) was 33 years old in 2008,and today almost five million cars (25% of the nation’s total)which run on alcohol or flex fuel are in use. The new technologyof flex-fuel vehicles which was developed in 1990 decade and appliedto new cars in 2003 by Volkswagen (Proálcool, 2001) revivedthe program.
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