Conclusion The findings of this study indicate that the nurses are concemed with establishing and maintaining cooperation e cooperation is essential child. Becaus Wit painful and challenging context of a medical proyedure non-pharmacological approaches are important tools for the nurses. represent the opnbsite of restraint, which the nurses wish to avoid when performing medical procedu ur icit that children coop nurses better during medical procedures when they were offered the appropriate non-pharmacological approach, lp the risk of impairing future cooperation. clinical practice should therefore value sime needed to establish and nurture a positive relationship with the child by informed pplication of methods. the use practice should also be supportive and consider of the type of non-pharmacological approach that achieve maximum benefit for individual children, rather than just using one type, for example distraction, for all children. Future research should focus on exploring different methods that are helpful to a variety of children, on investigating how different non-pharmacological ap- proaches are interconnected, and on demonstrating which specific methods are most would also be beneficial to investigate the relationship between non- pharmacological approaches and cooperation and the potential for reduction in the need to use restrain