2.4. Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP)
Goal Programming (GP) is a technique that can achieve the optimal solution, Badri (2001). In Linear Programming, maximum or minimum objective function is set for only one quantity to manage on its optimal value. In the GP, however, it is able to carry several goals related to each other and the optimal solution can be achieved. Therefore, the decision maker can set the priority or weight to the specific goal. GP can formulate unwanted deviation into a number of objective functions, with the minimisation of the total deviation.
There are a number of papers combining the AHP and GP but no evidence has been found about using the AHP and GP including developed software on selecting a multimodal trans- portation route. The literatures as in Ho (2008) are specifically brought to review, as they are a good source of ideas in integrat- ing the AHP with GP. The combined AHP and GP approach attempts to minimise the overall deviations in the objective