In last decades, the need for materials and processes environmentally compatible has motivated an increasingly intense study of materials obtained from renewable sources (biomass), and the development of recyclable or biodegradable products. Cellulose is a carbohydrate polymer made of repeating cellobiose units, two -d-glucopyranose units linked together through a -1-4 glucosidic bond. It is considered as a renewable material because of its natural origin, besides its inter esting biological, chemical and mechanical properties. Cellulose has been widely used in a variety of applications, such as paper technology, adhesive, textile, food, cosmetics or pharmaceuticals. However, nowadays cellulose research is getting more importance in developing new high-tech materials based on the application of knowledge in nanotechnology.