All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS statistics 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Correlations between experimental variables were calculated using Spearman’s rank correlations. Significant difference values were estimated using two-tailed tests. Unless otherwise stated, significant differences wereP< 0.05. The variation in the sugar and organic acid content was calculated using Origin 8.0 software (OriginLab Corp.). The dendrogram showing genetic relationships between wild and cultivated apples was constructed using DARwin software 4.0