appropriate design criterion for sand deposition is not clear;
however, it is reasonable to assume that a cleaning system must be
able to remove more than 100 g/m2 of sand. Thus, we conducted
experiments and calculations to examine the performance of the
cleaning system in cases of high loadings.
Fig. 9 shows the effect of the surface loading of the sand. If an
amount of sand greater than 300 g/m2 accumulated on the cover
glass, the performance of the cleaning system declined owing to the
aggregation of sand that bridges the adjacent electrodes as shown
in the photograph in Fig. 9 [24]. However, high performance was
achieved when the surface loading was less than 300 g/m2, which
corresponds to a sand layer thickness of approximately 0.3 mm.
Although the performance of the cleaning systemwas worse for
high surface loading conditions, it was experimentally confirmed
that the cleaning performance improved when a weak wind, with
the velocity greater than 1e2 m/s, flowed parallel to the plate in the
inclined direction while the electrostatic cleaner was in operation.
It is reported that high speed wind increases the deposition of dust
[39]; however, stirring dust particles by the alternating electrostatic
force in the presence of wind enhances the cleaning.
Effect of particle diameter
To determine the sizes of the particles that can be cleaned by
this system, the sand particles were classified into five groups according
to their particle sizes, determined using sieves, and the
cleaning experiment was conducted using each classified sand size.
Fig. 10 shows the cleaning efficiency versus the particle size. Particles
smaller than 25 mmin diameter and those larger than 300 mm
in diameter were not cleaned efficiently. The reasons for the
problems cleaning solar panels with small and large particles are
appropriate design criterion for sand deposition is not clear;however, it is reasonable to assume that a cleaning system must beable to remove more than 100 g/m2 of sand. Thus, we conductedexperiments and calculations to examine the performance of thecleaning system in cases of high loadings.Fig. 9 shows the effect of the surface loading of the sand. If anamount of sand greater than 300 g/m2 accumulated on the coverglass, the performance of the cleaning system declined owing to theaggregation of sand that bridges the adjacent electrodes as shownin the photograph in Fig. 9 [24]. However, high performance wasachieved when the surface loading was less than 300 g/m2, whichcorresponds to a sand layer thickness of approximately 0.3 mm.Although the performance of the cleaning systemwas worse forhigh surface loading conditions, it was experimentally confirmedthat the cleaning performance improved when a weak wind, withthe velocity greater than 1e2 m/s, flowed parallel to the plate in theinclined direction while the electrostatic cleaner was in operation.It is reported that high speed wind increases the deposition of dust[39]; however, stirring dust particles by the alternating electrostaticforce in the presence of wind enhances the cleaning.Effect of particle diameterTo determine the sizes of the particles that can be cleaned bythis system, the sand particles were classified into five groups accordingto their particle sizes, determined using sieves, and thecleaning experiment was conducted using each classified sand size.Fig. 10 shows the cleaning efficiency versus the particle size. Particlessmaller than 25 mmin diameter and those larger than 300 mmin diameter were not cleaned efficiently. The reasons for theproblems cleaning solar panels with small and large particles are
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