Clearly, the devising and adoption of winning strategies for addressing these dire scenarios necessitate a profound re-evaluation of all aspects of the crop production value chain including the suitability of the crop varieties that farmers grow. There are several mechanisms for facilitating the enhanced harnessing of the inherent potentials encoded into the genetic blueprints of crops so as to make available wider sources of heritable variations to crop improvement. Mba et al. [14] have suggested that, in addition to pre-breeding strategies that involve the increased incorporation of traits from non-adapted genetic resources including landraces and crop wild relatives in crop improvement, putative parental materials can also be induced to mutate as means for unleashing new alleles of genes that control the traits desired for the “smart” crop varieties of the 21st Century. We review the exploitations of spontaneous and induced mutations in crop husbandry and genetic improvement. The advances made in the uses of contemporary scientific and technological methodologies to enhance the efficiency of the induction, detection and deployment of induced mutations are also explored. We also provide perspectives for facilitating the integration of induced mutations in plant breeding programs.