Historical information on population status was limited and this makes it difficult to monitor change. In Vietnam, historical information is almost entirely species occurrence records (McGowan et al., 1999) and the Dak Lak province distribution survey in 1998 (Brickle, 2002) providing the only population estimate prior to our study. The different survey methods and effort may influence the resulting density estimates. Nonetheless we have provided the most reliable current estimates of green peafowl densities that allow the monitoring of change. This can provide a basis from which to identify appropriate conservation action, which is otherwise a considerable challenge for the most threatened species in Southeast Asia and requires the highest conservation action priorities.