of shushenskoye, Yeninsei Guberniya. There he wrote nearly 30 works, including a major study, the Development
of capitalism in Russia. After his term of exile Lenin was able to leave Russia. His first period of emigration
lasted more than five years, until November 1905.During this time he lived and worked in Germany,
Britain and Switzerland. Under his leadership the revolutionary Marxists and the first illegal Russian Marxist
newspaper Iskra (The Spark) carried out important ideological and organisational work in preparation for the
setting up of anew type of political party. During this period Lenin also wrote and published severl
books including What Is TO Be Done. and One step Forward, Two Steps Back, in which he Developed the ideological and
organisational principles of revolutionary Marxist party of the Russian proletariat. Such aparty was formed at the Second
Congress of the RSDLP which was held in Brussels and then in London, from the end of July to the middle of August 1903.
In the election of the Party is central bodies most of the votes went to Lenin and his supporters,who were then
called Bolsheviks(from the Russian word "bolshinstvo" meaning "the majority"). the other participants in the congress-opportunists
and reformists were called Mensheviks.