Study Intervention
As soon as their surveys were scored, all eligible respondents in
the screening group were invited to come to one of the study clinics
to be tested for C. trachomatis. At the clinic, after informed consent
was obtained, we collected two cervical samples. A swab was tested
by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Kallested Pathfinder kit)
performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A second
specimen, obtained with a cytobrush, was placed in transport medium
and sent to the University of Washington for chlamydial cell culture,
as previously described.19 All women with positive results on either
test were treated for chlamydial infection by their primary care provider.
Women assigned to the usual-care group saw their providers at
Group Health Cooperative as needed. They were not contacted further
by the study team until the follow-up evaluation.