Remarkable durability of our surfaces has also been demonstrated chemically, thermally and mechanically in various ways shown in Figure 4. Oil droplets exhibit almost unchanged high contact angles on domains prewetted by polar solvents (see Figure 4A),
revealing a robust and reversible responsiveness for polar and nonpolar liquids. Our membranes show long-term durability within an environmentally relevant temperature range of 0–100C (see Figure 4B).
After 20,000 cycles of abrasion test, the fabric was found to be still maintaining the superoleophobicity and superwettability for polar liquids (see Figure 4C). Oil contact angles remain unchanged at low PH, while high basicity (PH>12) may damage the SiAOAC bonding thus resulting in the slightly decrease of oil repellency (see Figure 4D).
Detailed discussion is in Supporting Information Section 7.
In summary,we have demonstrated a simple technique for fabricating smart SOP membranes for effective oil-replacing applications. The low surface energy combining with surface reconfiguration renders both excellent oil resistance even for ultralow surface tension nonpolar oils and extreme wettability for virtually all polar liquids. These smart fabrics exhibit prominent chemical, thermal,and mechanical durability.Consequently,our surfaces can serve as effective oil replacement media and are promising for applications in self-cleaning, antifouling, breathable oil-shielding clothing, cleanup of oil spills, wastewater treatment, separation of commercially relevant emulsions,and fuel purification.