In five studies, ethnicity was a relevant risk factor. In
general population studies, being African American
increased the risk of financial abuse in two studies (OR:
1.77 [23], 8.57 [16]) and being non-white increased the risk
of overall abuse in another study, OR 4.0 (2.2–7.2) [44].
Being a Canadian Aboriginal also increased the risk of
physical and sexual abuse [37].
Other elder person risk factors included loneliness,
alcohol use, personality traits such as blaming personality
style and anti-social personality, incontinence and having no
regular doctor. There was no clear trend in age, gender and
education as risk factors.