Level of variation in capsaicinoid content was evaluated in Capsicum accessions belonging to chilli landraces from north-eastern India. Accessions from NE India showed enormous variation in morphologicalcharacters such as fruit shape, size, colour, and fruit position. Capsaicinoid content in 139 accessions var-ied from 0.02 to 72.05 mg/g. The ratio between two major capsaicinoids, capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin,varied from 0.34 to 4.92. The capsaicinoid content among 92 accessions of Bhut Jolokia varied from11.95 to 72.05 mg/g with corresponding pungency levels of 191,135–1,152,832 SHU. A strong positivecorrelation (r = 0.90) was obtained between capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin content.