Wade (1990) provides a careful description of the extent of intervention by authorities of Taiwan, China, in product markets. The pattern of protection is not dissimilar from that of Korea. As late 1972, a significant percentage of items were subject to nontariff barriers, and two-thirds of potential imports were subject to nominal tariffs in excess of 30 percent. As late as 1980, more than 40 percent of imports received nominal protection in excess of 31 percent.