In this study, we demonstrated the importance of taking the life stage of participants into
consideration when comparing samples from different cultures and the hazards of making
generalizations about a culture from a specific age group within that culture. If researchers are to
develop a global model of behavior, it is crucial to identify the behavioral factors that are
consistent across all cultures, as well as those that are different. Moreover, the evidence of greater
across-culture similarities for the younger managers and professionals suggests that the
acceptability of various upward influence strategies may be converging or crossverging as a result
of economic-driven cultural interaction