Institutionalized sexism
This is manifested in terms of:
*the cultural of the curriculum (mathematics as a male domain):
*the forms of assessment used (competitive)
*gender-biased texts and worksheets (stereotyped)
*the modes of teaching employed (individualistic instead of oral and cooperative)
*the organization of schooling and selection
*the insufficiency of positive female role models among mathematics teachers ; and
*unconscious sexism among teachers.
Sexism in society
This is manifested in a number of powerful forms, including:
*overt sexist beliefs and behavior;
*cultural domination (legitimating and reproducing gender-stereotyped roles and gender-biased areas of knowledge, including mathematics );and
*structural institutional sexism (which denies women equal opportunities, thus reproducing the gender inequalities in society).
The way that some of these factors are inter-related and contribute to the gender problem in mathematics can be shown as a reproductive cycle (Figure 12.1).This shows how girls lack of equal opportunities in learning mathematics from a variety of causes, leads to girls’ negative views of their own mathematical ability, and reinforces their perception of mathematics as a male subject. A consequence is girl’s lower examination attainments and participation in mathematics. Because of its ‘critical filer’ role in regulating access to higher level
occupations, this leads to lower paid employment for women. The positioning of women disproportionately in the lower paid and lower status occupations reproduces gender inequality in society. This reinforces gender stereotyping both men and women. This in turn contributes an ideological component to institutional sexism in education, which reproduces the lack of equal opportunities for girls in mathematics, completing the cycle.
This cycle should not be taken as rigidly reproductive or understood too deterministically. It does illustrate how some aspects of the gender related problems in mathematics combine with other factor to reproduce social inequalities. Is also suggests chat any would-be solutions must be multiple, attacking each stage of transmission in the cycle, and that the problem is not merely educational. But also exists in the socio-political realm. For although three components concern mathematics education there are also three components that are essentially socio-political in nature, as the figure shows. The broader dimension means that it is a problem for all of society, not just for girls and women.
Institutionalized sexism
This is manifested in terms of:
*the cultural of the curriculum (mathematics as a male domain):
*the forms of assessment used (competitive)
*gender-biased texts and worksheets (stereotyped)
*the modes of teaching employed (individualistic instead of oral and cooperative)
*the organization of schooling and selection
*the insufficiency of positive female role models among mathematics teachers ; and
*unconscious sexism among teachers.
Sexism in society
This is manifested in a number of powerful forms, including:
*overt sexist beliefs and behavior;
*cultural domination (legitimating and reproducing gender-stereotyped roles and gender-biased areas of knowledge, including mathematics );and
*structural institutional sexism (which denies women equal opportunities, thus reproducing the gender inequalities in society).
The way that some of these factors are inter-related and contribute to the gender problem in mathematics can be shown as a reproductive cycle (Figure 12.1).This shows how girls lack of equal opportunities in learning mathematics from a variety of causes, leads to girls’ negative views of their own mathematical ability, and reinforces their perception of mathematics as a male subject. A consequence is girl’s lower examination attainments and participation in mathematics. Because of its ‘critical filer’ role in regulating access to higher level
occupations, this leads to lower paid employment for women. The positioning of women disproportionately in the lower paid and lower status occupations reproduces gender inequality in society. This reinforces gender stereotyping both men and women. This in turn contributes an ideological component to institutional sexism in education, which reproduces the lack of equal opportunities for girls in mathematics, completing the cycle.
This cycle should not be taken as rigidly reproductive or understood too deterministically. It does illustrate how some aspects of the gender related problems in mathematics combine with other factor to reproduce social inequalities. Is also suggests chat any would-be solutions must be multiple, attacking each stage of transmission in the cycle, and that the problem is not merely educational. But also exists in the socio-political realm. For although three components concern mathematics education there are also three components that are essentially socio-political in nature, as the figure shows. The broader dimension means that it is a problem for all of society, not just for girls and women.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..