supporting such classification are from other IJLSS articles, highly rated journals,
frequently cited articles and best-selling books. Whether one classifies them all as lean
is less important than recognizing how they can individually and together help improve
company performance using the principles of lean psychology. There are also elements
of lean not included in this article that help reinforce lean psychology; we simply intend
to illustrate how lean psychology works, not to provide a comprehensive list that is true
for all companies. Companies should use lean principles and philosophies to adapt
techniques to their own circumstances (Spear and Bowen, 1999; Liker, 2004; de Treville
and Antonakis, 2006; Bhasin, 2011). Many fail to do so, in part, because they do not apply
the problem-solving and process improvement techniques that facilitate such
supporting such classification are from other IJLSS articles, highly rated journals,frequently cited articles and best-selling books. Whether one classifies them all as leanis less important than recognizing how they can individually and together help improvecompany performance using the principles of lean psychology. There are also elementsof lean not included in this article that help reinforce lean psychology; we simply intendto illustrate how lean psychology works, not to provide a comprehensive list that is truefor all companies. Companies should use lean principles and philosophies to adapttechniques to their own circumstances (Spear and Bowen, 1999; Liker, 2004; de Trevilleand Antonakis, 2006; Bhasin, 2011). Many fail to do so, in part, because they do not applythe problem-solving and process improvement techniques that facilitate such
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