Finally, four studies found differences for BDP onlyand not for UR compared to HC . Given the vari-ability in paradigms, the lack of reproducibility, and the fact thatthese studies and tasks have been designed mostly for neuroimag-ing comparisons, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions from thesedata. Cognitive endophenotypes are proposed for vulnerability toBD, however they still lack consistency and specificity. This might arise not onlyfrom the choice of task, but also from in the level of difficulty forexample, of valence-specific deficits. Brain imaging may be a moresensitive tool to detect early alterations.