•Born on October 2, 1869 as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
•At age 13 married to Kasturbai
•1888 left India to study law in London; there also studied Buddhism, Hinduism,
and Christianity
•1893 became a legal advisor to Dada Abdullah & Co. in South Africa
•Spent 21 years in South Africa, and formulated his philosophy there
•At the time Indians and other Asians were subject to several forms of
discrimination—e.g. being required to carry a certificate, and pay special tax;
non-Christian marriage were not recognized, etc.
•Be arrested and jailed 6 times between 1908 and 1913. Finally, on Jan 22,
1914 Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smits, the Minister of Interior of South
Africa (รมต.มหาดไทย), reached an agreement whereby the tax was abolished and
traditional non-Christian marriages were recognized.
•Jan 1915, left South Africa to India; spent the next 33 years there.