Explores the justification and rationale for the belief that the physically fit employee is an important ingredient for organizational health (i.e., goal achievement via efficiency, productivity, and performance). Issues related to stress, exercise, physical fitness, and health–disease relationships are examined. Empirical evidence on the mechanisms associated with exercise and physical fitness in stress management/control are reviewed. Research on the impact of fitness on employee turnover, absenteeism, and commitment is highlighted. The experiences of some organizations are documented. It is concluded that the impact of exercise on employee's stress levels depends on the attitudes of employers to maintain an organizational climate of social support. (French, Spanish, German & Italian abstracts) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)